Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
– Feathery-leaved perennial with flat white flower clusters; attracts hoverflies, bees, and other beneficial insects.
Agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria)
– Tall perennial with spikes of small yellow flowers; valued by bees, with seed heads that feed birds into autumn.
Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra)
– Hardy perennial with purple thistle-like flowers; loved by bees, butterflies, and other pollinators.
Greater Knapweed (Centaurea scabiosa)
– Robust perennial with large pink-purple flowerheads; a magnet for bees and butterflies, including the Marbled White.
Wild Carrot (Daucus carota)
– Biennial with flat white umbels, often tinged pink; attracts hoverflies and a wide range of pollinating insects.
Wild Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)
– Tall, spiny biennial with purple flowerheads; a favourite of bees in summer, and goldfinches feed on the seed heads all winter.
Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria)
– Perennial with frothy, sweetly scented cream flower clusters; popular with a range of pollinating insects.
Hedge Bedstraw (Galium mollugo)
– Scrambling perennial with masses of tiny white flowers; provides nectar for small bees, flies, and beetles.
Field Scabious (Knautia arvensis)
– Perennial with lilac-blue pincushion flowers; highly attractive to bees, butterflies, and moths.
Meadow Vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis)
– Scrambling perennial with yellow pea-like flowers; fixes nitrogen in the soil and provides valuable forage for bees.
Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)
– Classic perennial with white daisy flowers and golden centres; supports a broad range of pollinating insects.
Musk Mallow (Malva moschata)
– Perennial with pale pink, musk-scented flowers; attracts bees and other pollinators through the summer.
Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)
– Low-growing perennial with narrow leaves and dark flower spikes; wind-pollinated and hardy on disturbed or compacted ground.
Salad Burnet (Sanguisorba minor)
– Low-growing perennial with rounded reddish flowerheads; drought-tolerant, with aromatic, cucumber-scented leaves.
Red Campion (Silene dioica)
– Perennial with bright pink flowers; a good nectar source for long-tongued bees and butterflies.
Tufted Vetch (Vicia cracca)
– Scrambling perennial with spikes of blue-purple flowers; fixes nitrogen in the soil and is a valuable nectar source for bees.
White Campion (Silene latifolia)
– Perennial with white, night-scented flowers; particularly attractive to moths and other night-flying pollinators.
Common Bent (Agrostis capillaris)
– Fine-leaved, low-growing grass forming a dense sward base; tolerant of poor, acidic soils.
Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis)
– Early-flowering perennial grass with soft, cylindrical flower spikes; provides early season cover and seed for birds.
Crested Dog's-Tail (Cynosurus cristatus)
– Tough, tussock-forming perennial grass; resilient underfoot and adds fine texture to the sward.
Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata)
– Vigorous, tussock-forming perennial grass; provides valuable shelter and structure for insects and small mammals.
Sheep's Fescue (Festuca ovina)
– Fine-leaved, tussock-forming perennial grass; thrives on poor, well-drained soils and helps maintain diversity.
Slender Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca rubra subsp. litoralis)
– Fine-leaved grass that spreads by short rhizomes; forms a resilient, low-growing base to the sward.
Smaller Cat's-Tail (Phleum bertolonii)
– Compact, tussock-forming perennial grass; adds fine texture and structural variety across the sward.
Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)
– Deep-rooted, tussock-forming perennial grass; drought-tolerant and provides robust structure and winter cover.